How it works
Find volume and surface area of a ring torus. The major radius measures from the centre of the hole to the centre of the tube.
Inputs and units
| Input | Example value | What to enter |
|---|---|---|
| Major radius | 5 | Enter a numeric value. From the centre of the hole to the centre of the tube; must exceed the tube radius. Must be greater than zero. |
| Tube radius | 2 | Enter a numeric value. Radius of the circular tube cross-section. Must be greater than zero. |
Worked example
Show example inputs and results
This example is generated by the same calculation engine using the starting values in the form. Your own inputs produce your own result.
- Major radius
- 5
- Tube radius
- 2
Complete example results
- Volume
- 394.78417604
- Surface area
- 394.78417604
Reading the result
Enter lengths in the same unit. Area uses the square of that unit and volume its cube. Height is perpendicular to the base; use a sloping side only when the input explicitly asks for it.
Questions and answers
Can I use the example values for my own calculation?
The example values illustrate the calculation. Replace every input with your own information, especially dates, rates and the selected operation.
Is the major radius half the outside diameter?
No. The outside diameter is 2(R+r); the hole diameter is 2(R−r). R runs from the centre of the hole to the centre of the tube. This ring-torus model requires R>r.
Why are some results rounded?
Results display up to 8 decimal places. Calculations use the unrounded values; very small values use scientific notation. JavaScript floating-point arithmetic can introduce tiny rounding differences.
Are my inputs sent to a server?
The calculator processes inputs in your browser. Its code does not send your values to a server.